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Say you have 100 grams of the compound. If so, then you would have 3.1 grams H, 31.5 grams P, and 65.4 grams O. Convert these to moles:

3.1 grams H ÷ 1.01 grams/mol = 3.07 moles H

31.5 grams P ÷ 31.0 grams/mol = 1.02 moles P

65.4 grams O ÷ 16.0 grams/mol = 4.09 moles O

Divide each of these by the smallest number, which is 1.02:

3.07 ÷ 1.02 = 3

1.02 ÷ 1.02 = 1

4.09 ÷ 1.02 = 4

These are your ratios. The empirical formula is then H3PO4

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