Star
mesh
Tree Topology allows for the expansion of an existing network
The Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is primarily based on three topologies: the star topology, the ring topology, and the mesh topology. In a star topology, all devices connect to a central hub or switch, facilitating straightforward communication. The ring topology connects devices in a circular fashion, allowing data to pass in one direction, while the mesh topology offers multiple pathways between nodes for redundancy and reliability. Each topology serves distinct purposes in the overall structure of the PSTN.
dual ring
Star topology.
bus topology.
Bus star ring mesh hybrid
Star Topology
Ring Topology, Mesh Topology, Bus Topology, Star Topology
The most common LAN topology is that of a "star." In a star topology, each computer, or "node", is connected to a central hub. This is more reliable than a more classical "ring" topology, because a node failing will not bring down the entire network. A bus topology is arguably more reliable, but has poorer performance.
STAR-Bus
Star network,ring network,tree network,bus network
Star Topology, where Hubs can act as repeaters.
STAR Topology
A hybrid is a combination of two or more basic network topologies, such as a star-bus, star-ring, or tiered topology.
Star