he didn't
well according to section 5 article 3 Jon von neumann started off as anyother man would and he started with the motherboard. he then got a group of Harvard scholars to help build the rest of the computer.
John von Neumann was first introduced to computers when he was working on the Manhattan project and was given access to the electromechanical Harvard Mark I to solve a difficult system of partial differential equations related to part of the MK-3 Fatman design. Shortly after the end of WW2, while it was still secret, he was given access to ENIAC and assisted in programming it to simulate Edward Teller's "Classical Super" hydrogen fusion bomb design (this program ran through December 1945 and January 1946, showing that design to be unworkable). He wrote the first paper on computers that stored both program and data in the same memory (although the ideas originated from others). On return to Princeton, he designed his own computer the IAS machine (no motherboard, the idea did not exist then) which was supposed to have 4K 40-bit words of RCA Selectron vacuum tube memory. RCA was unable to build the 4K Selectron tubes he wanted, so the machine first ran with 256 40-bit words of RCA Selectron memory. It was soon upgraded to 1K 40-bit words of Williams tube CRT DRAM, then in about 1954 to 4K 40-bit words of ferrite core magnetic memory. The IAS machine was one of the most copied early computers, as he gave copies of its specifications, documentation, and schematics to anyone that asked. IBM even based their first scientific computer the IBM 701 loosely on the IAS machine, except they reduced the word size from 40-bits to 36-bits.
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