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The disk controller can read in blocks, but the smallest unit that the OS can allocate to a single file is a group of blocks - called a cluster. Most disks are low-level formatted at 512 bytes per block. When you format a drive in a modern Windows or Linux OS, you have some control over the cluster size. It can be as little as 512 bytes or a much larger even multiple of that. You may create a file that contains a single character (1-byte), but that byte must be written at the minimum cluster size to the disk.

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