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A demand curve in the goods market is the set of price values at which a consumer is willing to purchase different quantities of a good. For example, if a candy bar costs $1.20, you might be willing to purchase 3 of them over a specified time period. But if that same candy bar cost $0.50, then you would purchase 5 of them over that same time period. The set of these price, quantity pairs when plotted in 2-dimensional space is called the demand curve for a good. Personal tastes/preferences, income and the prices of close substitute goods are determinants of the shape of a demand curve.

A supply curve in the goods market is the set of price values at which a firm (supplier, manufacturer) is willing to produce different quanties of a good. For example, if a candy bar price is $0.75 a firm might be willing to produce 100 candy bars. If the price is $1.10, a firm might be willing to produce 180 candy bars. The set of these price, quantity pairs when plotted in 2-dimensional space is called the supply curve for a good. Cost of inputs and technology level are determinants of the shape of a supply curve.

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