Whole numbers are not enough to describe everything. For example, the length of a certain object - say, a table - may not be an exact number of meters - it may be more than one but less than two meters.
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We count in tens because we have ten fingers. A decimal number is simply a way of representing a number in such a way that the place value of each digit is ten times that of the digit to its right.
It has the . because without it you would get a good grade instead of a bad one looking for your answers online... stupid! Naughty, naughty student!