No, these are two different distribution systems. The North American system uses 60 Hz and the European system uses 50 Hz.
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Do you mean definition? If so 110V = 110 volts-60hz = 60 hertz. Hertz is the cycles that the electricity runs at. 60hz. is the US standard. Europe is at 50hz.
One way would be to hook it up to a supply (by itself, with no load) and measure the speed with a contact tachometer. If your supply is 60Hz, and the motor speed corresponded to one of the standard motor speeds, it would be a pretty safe bet you had a 60Hz motor. If the speed was about 20% faster than a standard speed, the motor is probably a 50Hz motor. Or 20% slower if you were running a 60Hz motor on 50Hz For instance, a 1750 RPM 50Hz motor would spin at about 2100 RPM if you ran it on 60Hz.
A motor-generator or a solid state power converter can do this.Motor-generators are an old electromechanical technology. In this case you would use a 240V 50Hz synchronous motor and a 110V 60Hz generator with their shafts connected so the motor turns the generator.Solid state power converters use a high power rectifier to convert the input AC to DC, a precisely tuned oscillator to set the output frequency, and a high power class AB push-pull amplifier powered by the high voltage DC and driven by the oscillator to generate the output voltage.
It is an extremely expensive way of utilizing the deep fat fryer. You should look into changing the heating coils in the fryer to utilize the new voltage. That said it can be done.
It depends on the nature of the load. For example, a resistive load (e.g. heating) should be no problem whatsoever. But if the load involves magnetic circuits (i.e. transformers, motors, etc.), there may be a problem with overheating which could damage any insulation.