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Usually 30 amp
You will need AWG #3 if it is a short run.
If you put a 85 amp breaker in there it will overheat from the starting and stopping of the motor. The extra size of the breaker insures that the furnace will run without interruption and without overheating the breaker. And electric motor can draw three times the amperage rated on start up momentarily. This is why there is need of extra amperage ratings.
A thousandth of an amp
Not legally because the rating of the 30 amp receptacle would have a 50 amp breaker ahead of it. If you reduced the feed breaker to 30 amps and still use the #6 wire, this would be within the electrical code rules.