With a voltage detector or a multi meter. Don't touch the wires to your tongue. That would be bad!
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Pilots flying in an airplane can't see the wires and might crash into them. The red balls act like flags to alert the pilots that the wires are there. Good question!
Use a voltage tester held next to the wire. Turn the switch off. If the tester stops beeping then the wires are on that switch.
A negative live voltage is used to prevent electroytic corrosion on the copper wires.
The connection wiring diagram is usually on the inside of the motor's junction box cover. If the motor has three wires at the junction box then these wires are connected to the three incoming supply wires. If there is more than three wires, check the motor's nameplate to see if the motor is a dual voltage motor.
white wires are neutral. green wires are ground wires.