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It is very simple. Just interchange any two phase wires. i.e. Y and B ( or ) R and B ( or ) R and Y for example Stop the supply. keep R phase wire as it is and disconnect B phase wire and Y phase wire. Connect B phase wire to the Y phase motor stud and Y phase wire to the B phase motor stud. Now give the supply, now motor revolves in opposite direction to the earlier.
On a three wire supply system if you connect the two 110V wires together and they are across the phase they will short out and trip the breaker. If the two 110V wires are supplied from across the phase and connected to a motor then the motor will run. If the 110V wires are on the same phase nothing will happen.
Any two legs of a three phase system are classed as single phase. So yes a single phase motor will operate when connected. Be sure to use the proper motor protection devices to control the motor.
In the UK, the term, 'mains', refers to the supply voltage provided by the distribution system. In most residential properties, the mains' supply is single phase (there are exceptions: some European countries have three-phase supplies), in which case you cannot 'wire' a three-phase load such as an induction motor into the mains.
Two phase is single phase for today's purposes. We generally do not call 240v single phase "two phase" anymore, although technically that's what it is. 240v two phase has power to both lines to the motor versus 120v single phase has one power line and a neutral. Fortunately most single phase motors today are dual voltage. So check your nameplate data of the motor for guidance. The use of proper motor protection will prevent any damage to motors if wrong voltages are inadvertantly applied.CommentA two-phase system is an archic system, in which two phase voltages are displaced from each other by 90 electrical degrees. Like three-phase, it had the advantage of producing a naturally-rotating magnetic field, so could drive induction motors without any need for a starting capacitor.