I do not know of a specific code in the United States. However, a flourescent fixture should be covered if breaking a bulb would create serious problems, such as in a kitchen, a place where children play, etc. In lieu of covering the whole fixture they manufacture tubes that cover the bulbs themselves for the same purpose.
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Well, honey, turning a porch light fixture upside down doesn't have some deep hidden meaning. It simply means someone installed it wrong or they were feeling rebellious that day. Either way, it's just a light fixture - not a secret code for aliens or a new fashion trend.
Answer for USA, Canada and countries running a 60 Hz supply service.By asking this question you are probably not quite ready to take on this particular task. The correct answer to your question will depend on the exact location of the light fixture.If your bathroom light fixture has an outlet in it you will need to make sure that the entire bathroom's electrical circuits are protected by a GFCI circuit breaker. Many homes built before the 1980s have bathrooms which are not protected by a GFCI because the wiring code applicable back then did not require it.If the old light has a built-in outlet you will not need to cap the outlet because it will be removed along with the lighting fixture.As always, if you are in doubt about what to do, the best advice anyone should give you is to call a licensed electrician to advise what work is needed.Before you do any work yourself,on electrical circuits, equipment or appliances,always use a test meter to ensure the circuit is, in fact, de-energized.IF YOU ARE NOT ALREADY SURE YOU CAN DO THIS JOBSAFELY AND COMPETENTLYREFER THIS WORK TO QUALIFIED PROFESSIONALS.
It is not good practice in new wiring, but done all the time as part of a retrofit. Use 12 AWG wiring and make sure the circuit is not overloaded.
The CEC and NEC both cover this in the electrical code of the particular country.
Junction box labeling is required by Code (NEC) on boxes containing fire alarm circuits and circuits fed from emergency power panels backed up by generators. However, it is a good trade practice to always label your j-box covers with the circuit voltage and circuit numbers.