You can wire the refrigerator on a dedicated 15 amp circuit using AWG #14 wire but, know that as of 2014 the refrigerator must be on a GFCI protected circuit that is readily accessible. As you will normally mount the outlet behind the refrigerator you would have to move the unit to reset the breaker if and when it tripped. I would wire the refrigerator on one of the 20 amp kitchen counter-top circuits that is GFCI protected. Now, my answer may be debatable but from how I read the NEC code you can wire it to one of the kitchen branch circuits as long as the refrigerator does not pull more than 16 amps. You might want to check with your local inspector to get his opinion as he is the one who will have the final say.
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16-gauge wire has a diameter of 0.05082 inches.
AWG # 12 is 2.053 mm in diameter.
12mm
The current capacity varies depending on the length and diameter of the wire
Not unless the wire going to the refrigerator outlet is AWG 10/2. If it is wired with 12/2 wire then you must use a 20 amp breaker. Using a 30 amp breaker is dangerous and a fire hazard.