For branch circuits (receptacles, lighting, etc.) you would use 14 gauge wire if the circuit breaker is rated for 15 amps. For 20 amp circuits, you would use 12 gauge wire. For built-in appliances such as stoves, ovens, dryers and air conditioners, the wire size depends on the specific appliance and must be determined on a case-by-case basis. The incoming power to the house (service entrance) likewise must be calculated for each house and depends on the service size.
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Wire sizing is dependant upon the loads connected. In North America home wiring consists of #14 for lighting and branch circuits. Larger size wire for dedicated circuits (example hot water tank) will use #12, For clothes dryer #10, and for range #8. If the home has a shop #6 for a welder plug. As you can see there are many sizes of wire that are needed to completely wire a home.
Depends on what you plan to hook up to the outlet, and what fuse you're going to run.
The American Wire Gauge (AWG) is a shorthand way to identify key characteristics of the size of a wire and pertinent specifications associated with the size. So you will often hear someone ask what gauge wire do I need for a 15 Amp circuit in my home. The shorthand answer in this case would be 14 AWG for a typical residential wiring job.
Older house wiring didn't always use a ground wire. It's acceptable to continue to use the older wiring, but if you update your wiring, anything that you improve must meet current wiring standards. You can replace a faulty light switch without updating the rest of the wiring, but if you bring the house up to modern standards it will improve the safety standards. If you can afford to upgrade your house wiring, the payoff will be worth it.
A domestic D/W uses 14 gauge wire.
No, 10 gauge wire requires the use of a 30 amp breaker. A 20 amp breaker is only used on 12 gauge wire.
In household wiring it is the "hot" wire that carries current to the load.