Drop panels are used to thicken the slab around the column in flat slabs to avoid punching shear. Since flat slabs have no stirrups shear is resisted by thickening the slab around the column to increase the concrete in shear.
Beams can also be used, but generally drop panels are preferred to avoid conflicts with the electromechanical works of the structure.
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High resistance on the feeder to the load will cause voltage drop at the load end of the circuit. If this is happening, do the calculations for voltage drop, using the amperage of the load, voltage of the load, the size of the wire feeding the load and the distance from the distribution panel to the load.
The only reason anyone will put a voltmeter in series is to measure current flow as a function of voltage drop.
Yes, a circuit breaker will function the same if supply and loads are reversed. This is the way that some sub panels are fed instead of a main disconnect at the top of the distribution panel.
Using AWG # 3/0 copper wire you will have a voltage drop of around 3.8% at 68 degrees Fahrenheit. This should be acceptable to your local inspector but you may want to call them and make sure.
Use AWG # 4 copper and you will have a 2.6% voltage drop which is acceptible.