A breaker is sized by the load current. A breaker is used to protect the load feeder from an over current being applied to the conductor. If the load draws up to 30 amps, the wire size needs to be a #10 copper conductor or larger depending on the distance to the load with an insulation rating of 90 degrees C. The 460 volt source has to do with the insulation rating of the conductor. In this case the #10 conductor will need an insulation rating of 600 volts. Do not use 300 volt rated wire.
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AWG #3 copper.
The size of conductor needed will be a #14. It should be copper and have an insulation factor of 90 degrees C. The fact that it is a three phase load does not enter into the calculation of the wire size.
A #8 AWG copper conductor with an insulation factor of 90 degrees C will limit the voltage drop to 2.26% or less when supplying 30 amps for 120 feet on a 220 volt system.
This is a voltage drop question. A 500 MCM copper or 750 MCM aluminium conductor will limit the voltage drop to 3% or less when supplying 300 amps for 500 feet on a 240 volt system. Paralleling these conductors will allow the rating to be increased to 600 amps.
A 10 mm cable is most commonly used for a 500 KVA transformer, 240 volt, 3 phrase. The size of the wire that is used in a transformer is based on the voltage.