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CAN Overloaded functions can return default values?
I'm not sure I understand you as it wouldn't make sense for a function to return a default value. Do you actually mean can a function return an argument that has a default value? If so, then yes. Any argument passed to a function, whether defaulted or not, can be returned by the same function. If the argument is passed by value then you must return it by value. If passed by reference (which cannot be defaulted) then you can either return by reference or by value. However, if you pass by non-constant reference then you can just use the reference as an output argument, and use the actual return value for some other purpose, such as reporting any error condition(s) created by the function. Overloaded functions are no different to ordinary functions, the only criteria is that each overload has an unique signature. The return value does not form any part of the signature, thus signatures cannot differ by return type alone.
How are Structure passing and returning implemented by the complier?
When structures are passed as arguments to functions, the entire structure is typically pushed on the stack, using as many words as are required. (Programmers often choose to use pointers to structures instead, precisely to avoid this overhead.) Some compilers merely pass a pointer to the structure, though they may have to make a local copy to preserve pass-by-value semantics. Structures are often returned from functions in a location pointed to by an extra, compiler-supplied ``hidden'' argument to the function. Some older compilers used a special, static location for structure returns, although this made structure-valued functions non-reentrant, which ANSI C disallows
How does java pass primitive types and objects?
Java uses only pass by value. Primitive data types are passed purely as pass by value whereas for objects a value which is the reference to the object is passed. Hence the whole object is not passed but its reference gets passed. All modifications to the object in the method would modify the object in the Heap.
In what way is an argument passed by so it is not affected by a change of the content of the parameter value?
Pass by value.
Cell structures that carry the genetic material that is copied and passed from generation to generation of cells?
Cell structures that carry the genetic material that is copied and passed from generation to generation of cells are called chromosomes. Spindles are cell structures composed of microtubule fibers.
