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How calculate the engine work from pressure crank-angle diagram?
Well Work is the integral of P*dV and since the crank angle plot doesn't directly show volume you need to calculate instaneous volume of the cylinder as a function of crank angle. If you know the bore and stroke you can find the volume of the cylinder and you can relate this to the crank angle. Once you have these values you can replace the crank angle with volume and have a P-V plot or pressure on the y-axis and volume on the x-axis. Then you can integrate the area under the curve and find the work from the engine. However, all this is done for you if you can find the P-V diagram for your engine or engine cycle (Sterling, Atkinson, Otto, Diesel, etc.) and integrate this for the work.
How to calculate Q first moment of inertia above and below the neutral axis?
-find the area(A) of the shape above the neutral axis (or above a particular point if given) - locate the centroid (y')of the shape relative to the neutral axis(or above point) using y' = ∑AiYi / ∑Ai - first moment of area = A*y' (or y' + distance of given point from neutral axis)
Can any plane turn or rotate at an angle of 90 degrees and keep flying?
Any plane can make a 90 degree turn on the z axis and keep flying.
What is meant by longitudinal dynamics of aircraft?
Longitudinal aircraft dynamics variables are (small) deviations from operating point or trim conditions state (components): u: velocity of aircraft along body axis v: velocity of aircraft perpendicular to body axis (down is positive) : angle between body axis and horizontal (up is positive) q : angular velocity of aircraft (pitch rate)
Definition of Quadrature axis?
Quadrature axis of a magnetomotive force is defined as that component of MMF that is directed along an axis in quadrature with the axis of the field poles. Quadrature axis of a magnetomotive force is defined as that component of MMF that is directed along an axis in quadrature with the axis of the field poles.
