In the C and C++ languages the array notation arr[i] is completely equivalent to the pointer notation *(arr + i).
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Yes, passing an array name to a pointer assigns the first memory location of the array to the pointer variable. An array name is the same as a pointer to the first location of the array, with the exception that an array name is a r-value, while a pointer is an l-value.
There are no array operations in C. Arrays implicitly convert to pointers, thus any operation you might attempt upon an array you would actually perform on a pointer.
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By returning a pointer to the first element of the array.
Mentioning the array name in C or C++ gives the base address in all contexts except one. Syntactically, the compiler treats the array name as a pointer to the first element. You can reference elements using array syntax, a[n], or using pointer syntax, *(a+n), and you can even mix the usages within an expression. When you pass an array name as a function argument, you are passing the "value of the pointer", which means that you are implicitly passing the array by reference, even though all parameters in functions are "call by value". There is, however, one very important distinction. While an array name is referentially the same as a pointer, it is not a pointer in that it does not occupy program referential space in the process. This means that, while you can change the value of a pointer, and thus the address to which it points, you can not change the value of an array name. This distinction is what we call R-Value (array or pointer) as opposed to L-Value (pointer only), i.e. can the object appear on the left sign of an assignment operator.