LCR meter is a device. And electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is a method. So the difference between them are like the difference between pen and writing.
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The difference in between Ohms and Ohms CT is that in Ohms CT it has CT at the end.
The higher the mismatch between the load impedance and source impedance, the higher the loading effect.
It depends on the resistance level in that area if the soil have low resistance then they will use high impedance system and vice versa..so reason behind this have to reduce fault current.
The characteristic impedance or surge impedance belongs to uniform transmission lines.In electronic gears we use voltage bridging, that is a relative low output impedance to a higher input impedance. Usualy the input impedance is more than ten times higher then the output impedance.An input impedance is called also a load impedance or an external impedance.An output impedance is called also a source impedance or an internal impedance.
As the source impedance is equal to load impedance, it is assumed that both the resistances are in series. This distributes the whole voltage equally between both the impedance. Hence the PD across external resistance will be 1V.