It is an algorithm used by another algorithm as part of the second algorithm's operation.
As an example, an algorithm for finding the median value in a list of numbers might include sorting the numbers as a sub-algorithm: There are plenty of algorithms for sorting, and the specifics of the sorting does not matter to the "median value" algorithm, only that the numbers are sorted when the sub-algorithm is done.
For what an algorithm is, see related link.
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A subalgorithm is a complete & independently defined algorithmic module which is used (or invoked or called) by some main algorithm or by some other subalgortihm
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