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It's approximately the inverse of the voltage- or turns-ratio:
with an ideal electrical transformer with an input current of 2 amps and an output current of 1 amp what is the turns ratio of the secondary and primary coils
Transformer turns ratio is the ratio of voltages between two windings. For instance, a 24VAC control transformer that runs on 120VAC will have a turns ratio about 5 to 1.
In a transformer, you increase or decrease the voltage by changing the turns ratio between the primary or secondary windings. Increase the turns on primary, and secondary voltage goes down. Increase the turns on secondary, and secondary voltage goes up. Note that this usually involves choosing a different transformer, as changing the turns ratio is not something that can be easily done in the field. Some transformers have multiple taps on one of the windings which can be used to change turns ratio.
No. Available step current is inversely proportional to available step voltage. For example, if you have a turns ratio of 10:1 for a typical step-down transformer running off of 120 VAC, producing 12 VAC; if the input current were 1 ampere, the output current would be 10 amperes. Similarly, for a step up transformer, available voltage goes up while available current goes down, all within the turns ratio. Nope. The current will be equal if the turns ratio is 1:1 in an ideal transformer. But, t/f s are not designed that way. Further, Current ratio is equal to the inverse of turns ratio.