It is a value in the co-domain [range] of the function.
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I found two answers for this question. A function is a rule that assigns to each value of one variable (called the independent variable) exactly one value of another variable (called the dependent variable.) A function is a rule that assigns to each input value a unique output value.
It is not necessary to to declare variables inside the function in C. If you declare a variable inside a function, the variable becomes local for the function and another variable of same name can be declared in any other function, but you can not use the variable declared in other function. When you declare any variable outside the function body then the variable becomes global and can be used in any function of the program. Note: errno is an example for a variable declared outside any function.
with an assignment: variable = value variable += value variable /= -3; ...
You cannot arbitrarily determine what is passed to a function from outside of the function. If the function expects a reference, then the memory address of the variable will be automatically passed to the function. If the function expects a value, then a copy of the variable's value is automatically passed instead. In other words, it is the function signature that determines what is passed, not how you call the function.
If you define a variable inside of your function, the variable can be referred and used only inside of that function. It means that you will not able to use the variable in another function (including main). Area of code where your variable can be used after declaration is usually called visibility of the variable.