it is simply the phase delay occurring in the transit time. :)
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The power gain of a two cavity klystron amplifier is about 30 dB. In order to achieve higher overall gain, one way is to connect several two-cavity tubes in cascade, feeding the output to each of the tubes to the input of the following one. Besides using the multistage techniques, the tube manufacturers have designed and produced multi cavity klystron to sere the high-gain requirement. In a multi cavity klystron each of the intermediate cavities, placed at a distance of the bunching parameter X of 1.841 away from the previous cavity, acts as a buncher with the passing electron beam inducing a more enhanced RF voltage than the previous cavity, which in turn sets up an increased velocity modulation.
What is probably the primary advantage of the reflex klystron over the two-cavity klystron is the mechanism used to tune the device. The two-cavity klystron has mechanical tuning, but the reflex klystron is tuned electrically. And it doesn't take an electrical engineering degree for an investigator to figure out that electrical controls can be manipulated a whole bunch faster than a mechanical device.
Electrical angle is half of mechanical angle in unipolar electrical machines. In multipolar electrical machines, the relationship between the mechanical angle and electrical angle is Electrical angle = (P/2) x Mechanical angle where: P = Number of poles.
A Cavity Combiner is a device which allows the outputs of two or more transmitters on different frequencies to be combined. It uses bandpass filters on each input to prevent the signals from the other transmitters from entering the output of a transmitter.
Rake angle is usually used for cutting and machining processes. This can vary according to the materials being cut and set-up. The two types of rake angle are the back and side rake angle.