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1's complement and 2's complement relate to the way negative integers are represented in computer memory. With 1's complement, all the bits are inverted. This results in there being two representations for the value 0 because 00000000 is +0 while 11111111 is -0. But in the real world 0 is neither positive nor negative. To resolve this, 2's complement inverts all the bits and then adds 1 ignoring any overflow, such that 11111111 + 00000001 = 00000000.

With 1's complement, the valid range of integers for an 8-bit value is -127 to +127 but with 2's complement it is -128 to +127 because we eliminate the redundant 0 value.

Most modern systems use 2's complement but there are still systems using 1's complement.

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Q: Why 1's and 2's compliments is done for performing arithmetic operations?
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