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The scale of a hydrometer is non-linear because it is designed to measure specific gravity, which is a logarithmic scale. Specific gravity is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a reference substance (usually water). Since specific gravity is a logarithmic function, the scale on a hydrometer needs to be non-linear to accurately measure the varying densities of different liquids. This non-linear scale allows for precise readings across a wide range of densities.
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JordanThe volume displaced to indicate a given change in Specific Gravity; e,g., 0.001, is less in higher SG liquids. If you do the math for a typical lab hydrometer, you will find that in a liquid with a SG near 1.100, you will have about 20% less stem travel than when it is near water at 1.000. The key to remember is that the weight of the liquid displaced is equal to the total weight of the hydrometer, not just the portion of it that is submerged.
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