answersLogoWhite

0


Best Answer

The McCulloch-Pitts model was an extremely simple artificial neuron. The inputs could be either a zero or a one. And the output was a zero or a one. And each input could be either excitatory or inhibitory.

Now the whole point was to sum the inputs. If an input is one, and is excitatory in nature, it added one. If it was one, and was inhibitory, it subtracted one from the sum. This is done for all inputs, and a final sum is calculated.

Now, if this final sum is less than some value (which you decide, say T), then the output is zero. Otherwise, the output is a one.

Here is a graphical representation of the McCulloch-Pitts model

In the figure, I represented things with named variables. The variables w1, w2 and w3 indicate which input is excitatory, and which one is inhibitory. These are called "weights". So, in this model, if a weight is 1, it is an excitatory input. If it is -1, it is an inhibitory input.

x1, x2, and x3 represent the inputs. There could be more (or less) inputs if required. And accordingly, there would be more 'w's to indicate if that particular input is excitatory or inhibitory.

Now, if you think about it, you can calculate the sum using the 'x's and 'w's… something like this:

sum = x1w1 + x2w2 + x3w3 + …

This is what is called a 'weighted sum'.

Now that the sum has been calculated, we check if sum < T or not. If it is, then the output is made zero. Otherwise, it is made a one.

Now, using this simple neuron model, we can create some interesting things. Here are a few examples:

NOR GateThe figure above is a 3 input NOR gate. A NOR gate gives you an output of 1 only when all inputs are zero (in this case, x1, x2 and x3) You can try the different possible cases of inputs (they can be either zero or one).

Note that this example uses two neurons. The first neurons receives the inputs you give. The second neuron works upon the output of the first neuron. It has no clue what the initial inputs were.

NAND GateThis figure shows how to create a 3-input NAND gate with these neurons. A NAND gate gives a zero only when all inputs are 1. This neuron needs 4 neurons. The output of the first three is the input for the fourth neuron. If you try the different combinations of inputs.

The McCulloch-Pitts model is no longer used. These NOR and NAND gates already have extremely efficient circuits. So its pointless to redo the same thing, with less efficient models. The point is to use the "interconnections" and the advantages it has.

It has been replaced by more advanced neurons. The inputs can have decimal values. So can the weights. And the neurons actaully process the sum instead of just checking if it is less than or not.

User Avatar

Wiki User

12y ago
This answer is:
User Avatar

Add your answer:

Earn +20 pts
Q: Why mcculloch-pitts model widely used in logic functions?
Write your answer...
Submit
Still have questions?
magnify glass
imp
Continue Learning about Engineering

What is MVC framework?

MVC stands for Model View Controller. This is a framework that is commonly used in Java applications where we separate the UI, data and processing logic from one another. Model stands for the Data View stands for the UI Controller stands for processing logic By separating these 3 items, we would be able to modify each of these independently and have an application which is much more robust and easier to maintain than normal frameworks.


What are the different type of Architecture in Software Engineering?

the different software engineering paradigms are:- waterfall model prototyping model object oriented model spiral model WINWIN spiral model incremental model evolutionary model Paradigm means how to solve...Types are: Imperitive Paradigm Object Oriented Paradigm Functional Paradigm Logic Paradigm Data Paradigm


Compare between network hierarchal and relational model?

1. Relational Model : Newer database model; Network Model - Older database model 2. The network model structures data as a tree of records with each record can have multiple parent and child records, forming a lattice structure. The basic data structure of the relational model is the table, where information about a particular entity (say, an employee) is represented in columns and rows 3.The relational model has strong mathematical foundation with set theory and predicate logic. Network Model has no strong mathematical background. 4. Relational model is the most flexible of the database models. Network model is not very flexible. 5. Relational model has widespead use. Network model has limited use.


What is fuzzy logic?

computer-based system(it contains both hard ware and software) that can process data that are incomplete or only partially correct Fuzzy logic was introduced as an artificial intelligence technique, when it was realized that normal boolean logic would not suffice. When we make intelligent decisions, we cannot limit ourselves to "true" or "false" possibilities (boolean). We have decisions like "maybe" and other shades of gray. This is what is introduced with fuzzy logic: the ability to describe degrees of truth. Example: in fuel station if you stop a fuel injecting motor at 1.55897ltrs.it can be done with the help of fuzzy logic.fuzzy has a meaning like accurate.


What is a delegation event model in java?

Event model is based on the concept of an 'Event Source' and 'Event Listeners'. Any object that is interested in receiving messages (or events ) is called an Event Listener. Any object that generates these messages ( or events ) is called an Event Source Event Delegation Model is based on four concepts: The Event Classes The Event Listeners Explicit Event Enabling Adapters The modern approach to handling events is based on the delegation event model, which defines standard and consistent mechanisms to generate and process events. Its concept is quite simple: a source generates an event and sends it to one or more listeners. In this scheme, the listener simply waits until it receives an event. Once received, the listener processes the event and then returns. The advantage of this design is that the application logic that processes events is cleanly separated from the user interface logic that generates those events. A user interface element is able to "delegate" the processing of an event to a separate piece of code.

Related questions

Why Multiplexer is called a universally complete logic model?

Universally complete logic module is a programmable logic device capable of producing all possible functions of three variables or less.It can be proved that a multiplexer is capable of producing all possible functions of three variables..So multiplexer is a universally complete logic module.


What is Subject-Centered Design Model?

Subject centered design model is widely used in the United States. It focuses on the content of the curriculum. The sequence of the lessons follows the logic of the subject matter.


What is business model?

Business ModelHere is a great definition from InvestorWords: Business Model: A description of the operations of a business including the components of the business, the functions of the business, and the revenues and expenses that the business generates.Business model also depicts the logic of the firm and how it intends to provide and capture value from it's customers.


What is a business model?

Business ModelHere is a great definition from InvestorWords: Business Model: A description of the operations of a business including the components of the business, the functions of the business, and the revenues and expenses that the business generates.Business model also depicts the logic of the firm and how it intends to provide and capture value from it's customers.


What has the author Georg Kreisel written?

Georg Kreisel has written: 'Elements of mathematical logic (Model theory)' -- subject(s): Symbolic and mathematical Logic 'Elements of mathematical logic' -- subject(s): Symbolic and mathematical Logic 'Modelltheorie' -- subject(s): Model theory


What is a model view controller used for?

A model view controller is a software architecture pattern and the model is made up of application data, business rules, logic and functions and it separates the representation of information from the user's interaction with it. Basically, it can be used for personal computing, but more often it is used nowadays for world wide web applications as an architecture.


Explain the Model-View-ViewModel (MVVM) architecture pattern?

The Model-View-ViewModel (MVVM) architecture pattern separates the development of the graphical user interface from the business logic or back-end logic (the data model). The Model represents the data and business logic, the View is the user interface, and the ViewModel acts as an intermediary, handling the logic and data binding between the Model and the View. This pattern enhances code maintainability, testability, and separation of concerns, making it easier to manage and evolve complex applications.


An all in one printer model that is cheap and good?

The best printer company is widely known as Lexmark. Which offers a low price printer that gives you all the functions you can need in a 3 in 1 system.


Why is fuzzy logic not best in solving uncertainty?

Certainly fuzzy logic is not the best in solving uncertainty, but..... it is on of the best alternatives to that exists to model uncertainty.


Why aspnet mvc?

ASP.NET MVC model allows programmers to separate the user interface and the programming logic in a very simple and efficient way. MVC stands for Model-View-Controller. View - The user interface of any application. Model - The logic that allows the application to interact with database or XML files are written in the model classes. Business logic is also maintained by Model classes. Controller - The classes which interact with both Model and View. These classes allow passing data from Model to View and vice-versa. By using ASP.NET MVC you can create loosely coupled applications. Which means if there is change in database or its structure then then it will not affect or will have minimum impact on user Interface or the business logic of the application. Similarly, if there is a change in the user Interface then it will have less impact on business logic and database layers.


Identify the database model in which the process logic runs on an application server?

3-Tier


What has the author A Prestel written?

A. Prestel has written: 'Lectures on formally real fields' -- subject(s): Formally real fields, Quadratic Forms 'Mathematical logic and model theory' -- subject(s): Model theory, Symbolic and mathematical Logic