A pen can be as large as you want to make it, but should provide 10 sq. ft. per bird at a minimum. A coop, which shelters the birds at night or in inclement weather should provide 3 to 5 sq. ft. per bird or as much as 10 sq. ft. per bird if you have the space. If birds are too crowded, behavior problems such as pecking and cannibalism can arise.
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If they have access to a run, it could hold 30-60 hens. If they do not have a run, 12-20. It is best to give them as much room as possible, otherwise they may start pecking at each other. This can be a problem, because if they see blood they will peck at it even more. This can lead to deaths.
A free range chicken only needs around 4 square feet. If the chicken is not free range, there will need to be about 36 square feet.