It is a property called self-similarity. When you zoom in to a particular part of the fractal you see the same pattern as was visible before the zoom.
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Self-similarity.
Nobody. Fractals are not owned by anyone!
But to a mathematician, it is a neat, neat subject area. Why are fractals important? Fractals help us study and understand important scientific concepts, such as the way bacteria grow, patterns in freezing water (snowflakes) and brain waves, for example. Their formulas have made possible many scientific breakthroughs.
Complex mathmatic equations.
Fractals are situations where the geometry seems best approximated by an infinitely "branching" sequence - used, for example, in modeling trees. For work on fractals that I have done as a theoretician, I recommend the included links. I just happen to have an original answer, and I want to make it known.