REFER : optical rotatory dispersion
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BAK-4 prisms are the best; they are made of superior optical glass that produces clearer images. BAK-4 prisms show a truer round, which translates to better light transmission and edge-to-edge sharpness. These are what you want in your binoculars.
In a polariscope, an analyser is a critical component that works alongside the polarizer to analyze the light transmitted through a sample. The primary function of the analyser is to determine the optical properties of materials by measuring the intensity and nature of polarized light after it has interacted with the sample. Key Functions of the Analyser in a Polariscope: 1. Polarized Light Analysis: The analyser allows for the examination of light that has been altered by the sample. It can be rotated to change the orientation of the polarized light, enabling the user to observe variations in light intensity, which indicates the material's optical characteristics. 2. Determining Optical Activity: In substances that exhibit optical activity (such as certain liquids and crystals), the analyser helps measure the degree of rotation of polarized light caused by the sample. This property is essential in fields like chemistry and materials science for identifying substances and determining their concentrations. 3. Stress Analysis: In materials testing, particularly for transparent plastics and glass, the analyser can reveal internal stresses and strain patterns by showing color variations or fringes when viewed under polarized light. This information is vital for quality control and assessing the structural integrity of materials. 4. Characterizing Material Properties: The analyser aids in characterizing various material properties, such as birefringence, which is the difference in refractive indices in different crystallographic directions. This is useful in identifying material types and assessing their suitability for specific applications.
Very many. The glass of real mirrors is not perfectly clear and the reflective coating of real mirrors is not perfectly reflective so the images dim. But is not hard to get 50 or more spots of light when shining a laser pointer into such a mirror configuration. ------------------------------------------------------------ Edit:Actually, when you look at one of these mirrors, the number of images will increase continuously at the velocity "c", so you can accept that its limit is infinite, but in other hand it's finite because the speed of light "c" is finite, it's a physical "optical" paradox.
Reflections occur when light bounces of a smooth and shiny surface. Glass mirrors have a thin layer of silver on the back so that light is reflected.
Light is refracted and reflected by a (glass) prism Light is refracted and reflected by a raindrop