2+2
Surveying
Surveying terminology. The measure of distance along a slope. The distance of a line where elevation changes from point 1 to point 2
To calculate the x-coordinate of the midpoint of a horizontal segment, you simply take the sum of x-coordinate of the endpoints of the horizontal segment and divide this by two. An example is if one is given endpoints with th x and y coordinates 2,3 and 5,6. To find the midpoint of the x-coordinates add 2 and 5 and divide this by 2, or 7/2.
"Parallels" of latitude. Those are the lines that are drawn horizontal on the globe or map.
Parallel lines never intersect and always remain equal distance from each other.
the special type of theodolite used to measure horizontal and vertical distance and horizontal angle.
HOT stands for Horizontal Offset Target, a reference point used in surveying to calculate horizontal measurements and distances from a particular point or feature.
In linear surveying, horizontal distance refers to the straight-line distance measured across the ground between two points, ignoring any elevation changes. Slope distance, on the other hand, is the actual distance measured along the line of sight between the two points, accounting for changes in elevation. The relationship between these distances is important for accurately calculating terrain features and ensuring precise measurements in surveying projects.
The horizontal distance. Points of latitude and longitude can't account for elevation.
Parallax bar is a device used in surveying to measure the horizontal distance between two points by creating a visual displacement of a point viewed through a telescope on a graduated rod. This displacement is used to calculate the distance based on the principle of parallax. It is commonly used in topographic mapping and land surveying.
In linear surveying, horizontal distance refers to the straight-line distance measured on a horizontal plane between two points, unaffected by elevation changes. Slope distance, on the other hand, is the actual distance measured along the slope between two points, accounting for the vertical elevation difference between them. The relationship between these two distances can be determined using trigonometric principles, particularly when the angle of elevation or depression is known. Understanding both distances is essential for accurate land measurement and mapping.
A geodetic theodolite is a precise surveying instrument used to measure horizontal and vertical angles in geodetic surveying. It is designed for high-accuracy measurements required in geodetic surveying applications such as mapping, construction, and infrastructure development. Geodetic theodolites are typically equipped with electronic distance measurement capabilities for increased accuracy and efficiency.
In surveying, "grade" refers to the slope or incline of the land, typically expressed as a percentage or ratio. It indicates how much elevation changes over a certain horizontal distance, which is crucial for determining drainage, construction, and road design. For example, a 10% grade means a rise of 10 units for every 100 units of horizontal distance. Understanding grade helps surveyors and engineers create accurate plans and ensure proper land use.
Gradient= Vertical gain / Horizontal distance Hope this helps ;P
EDM, or Electronic Distance Measurement, is a technology used in surveying to measure distances accurately using electromagnetic waves. It operates by sending a signal from a device to a target, which reflects the signal back, allowing the EDM instrument to calculate the distance based on the time taken for the signal to return. This method is favored for its precision and efficiency, especially in large-scale surveying projects. EDM devices can be integrated with GPS and other surveying equipment for enhanced functionality.
The absolute difference in the vertical direction is zero but the absolute difference in the horizontal direction will be the horizontal distance - which is the distance between the points.
To measure Angles, Process of Measuring Horizontal and vertical Angles