its the tangent of the angle the slope makes with the x-axis
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A 1 in 40 slope means that for every 40 units of horizontal distance, there is a 1 unit rise. To convert this to degrees, you can use the arctangent function. The formula to convert slope to degrees is arctan(slope) = angle in degrees. Therefore, for a 1 in 40 slope, the angle in degrees would be approximately 1.43 degrees.
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Of the land surface, you may refer to slope, or gradient. In geology, the dip angle is the name given to the angle down which a strata follows.