The proper name is pentacontatrigon. Most people, including mathematicians, will use 53-gon since that effectively communicates the size of the polygon. But, if you want to appear pretentious or be obfuscatory, by all means use the Greek prefices.
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A five sided polygon is called a pentagon because pentagon means five sided polygon I think.
The name of a 51 sided polygon is Pentaconhenagon. The name of a 52 sided polygon is Pentacondigon. The name of a 53 sided polygon is Pentacontrigon. The name of a 54 sided polygon is Pentacontetragon. The name of a 55 sided polygon is Pentaconpentagon. The name of a 56 sided polygon is Pentaconheptagon. The name of a 57 sided polygon is Pentaconhexagon. The name of a 58 sided polygon is Pentaconoctagon. The name of a 59 sided polygon is Pentaconenneagon.
A 12-sided polygon is called a dodecagon.
A 20-sided polygon is called an icosagon.
A million-sided polygon is called a megagon.