a line with an arrow at one end going up is a right angle
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A line with a dot at one end and an arrow at the other end is called a ray in geometry. A ray has a starting point (the dot) and extends infinitely in one direction (towards the arrow). It is often denoted by naming the starting point and any other point on the ray, such as "ray AB" if A is the starting point and B is another point on the ray. Rays are commonly used in geometric constructions and proofs.
An arrow typically exhibits reflectional symmetry, also known as mirror symmetry. This means that if you were to draw a line down the center of the arrow, the two halves would be mirror images of each other. Arrows do not usually have rotational symmetry, as rotating them around a point would not result in the same shape.
The line, itself, is a subset (though not a proper subset). A ray is a subset of a line with one end-point which extends in only one direction. A line segment is a subset of a line with two end points. A point is a subset of a line.
a line. arrow on one end is called a ray and no arrows is called a line segment.
This question is very difficult to answer because of the ambiguity of what an "arrow" is. An arrow that you might fire from a bow is a three dimensional object and so is not a polygon. An arrow drawn as a straight line with a direction indicator at its head with or without tail feathers (for example <|----<< : oh, the graphics on this browser are so good, aren't they!) is not a polygon because the shaft is a line: a 1-dimensional object. An arrow such as the default one used to represent the cursor in Windows is a concave heptagon.