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From Hellenistic culture we get theories on astronomy, mathematics, and physics.

Aristarchus's theories include, that the sun was 300 times larger than the earth, but he grossly underestimated it, and the earth and other planets revolve around the sun. Eratosthenes estimated earths circumference to be 28,000-29,000 miles long, close to the actual circumference.

From Hellenistic culture we get the Pythagorean theorem and pi (the ratio of a circumference of a circle to its diameter)

Archimedes (who also estimated pi) discovered the law of the lever. He invented a screw that lifts water from the ground and the pulley.

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