Pulley used for change direction of the force, e.g. pull the weight up is change direction form pulling up to pulling down. Pulley arrangement can use to reduce the load require to lift object, e.g. fix rope to wall and put load hanging on pulley and pull 1 end so the wall support half of the load.
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yes the do have pulleys
Many people use pulleys in their jobs. The rides like Supreme scream, which go vertically up and down have pulleys in them. Elevators have pulleys in them, and people who ship cargo use pulleys in their cranes.
Not entirely sure what you mean but maybe this will help: In general the more pulleys you have in your system the less force you will need to apply to lift a certain load, in this case the system of pulleys is generally called a "block and tackle".
Archimedes (not a group, a guy) invented pulleys as well as other simple machines.
assuming that your question is what jobs are pulleys used for... then the answer is any job that you need to lift something that is heavy. The pulley give a mechanical advantage when used together with other pulleys to apply more force to move the object