place an object in a container with a fluid and find the amount of water it displaced.
then find the mass of the object.
then multiply the mass by the amount of displaced water♪
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Buoyancy always acts in the direction opposite to the direction of the gravitational force. We normally consider this direction as 'upward'.
buoyancy
People knew that some things floated in water long before writing was invented. The first person to establish the rule that controlled buoyancy was Archimedes.
No. Water is incompressible. Buoyancy is determined by density, and being incompressible the density stays the same. Once an object is submerged there's no more buoyancy to be generated.
Archimedes' principle is the statement that says buoyancy exists, and explains how to calculate its magnitude. The principle is applied extensively in the maritime shipping and hot-air balooning industries.