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Pol Pot. According to Wikipedia:

Saloth Sar (May 19, 1925 - April 15, 1998), better known as Pol Pot, was the leader of the Khmer Rouge and the Prime Minister of Cambodia (officially renamed the Democratic Kampuchea during his rule) from 1976 to 1979, having been de factoleader since mid-1975. During his time in power Pol Pot imposed an extreme version of agrarian communism where all city dwellers were relocated to the countryside to work in collective farms and forced labour projects. The combined effect of slave labour, malnutrition, poor medical care and executions is estimated to have killed around 1.7 million Cambodians (approximately one fifth of the population) . His regime achieved special notoriety for singling out all intellectuals and other "bourgeois enemies" for murder.

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Q: Under whose rule did nearly one-third of the Cambodian population die?
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