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rationality is using the logic 'rationality'.
Originally in 17th century Enlightenment designed by the priest/philosopher Descartes, and based on quite catholic 'a priori'.
Western society is very much 'addicted' to 'rationality'.
To be 'rational' became almost a synonym for to use logic.
Leaving this addiction will take a paradigm shift.
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What were the broad ideas by military theorist Carl von Clausewitz concerning the elements that drive most wars?
In his book called On War, Carl von Clausewitz presents his theory that there are three forces that drive a war. The form a trinity he calls chance, passion, and rationality. This should not be confused with his ideas on war itself. Here in his trinity he speaks in very broad terms.
With the rejection of the middle ages came creativity and what?
The conventional answer to this question is probably "rationality" or "reason." Personally, I don't buy it. The Middle Ages were, in my opinion, more creative and more rational than the Renaissance. Please see the link to a related question below for an explanation.
What was cesare beccaria famous for?
Cesare Beccaria (1738-1794) was an Italian philosopher and politician. He is famous for his book "Dei Delitti e Delle Penne" (On Crime and Punishment) in which he argued against capital punishment.
What is rational will?
Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) argued that moral requirements are based on a standard of rationality he dubbed the "Categorical Imperative" (CI). Immorality thus involves a violation of the CI and is thereby irrational. Other philosophers, such as Locke and Hobbes, had also argued that moral requirements are based on standards of rationality. However, these standards were either desire-based instrumental principles of rationality or based on sui generis rational intuitions. Kant agreed with many of his predecessors that an analysis of practical reason will reveal only the requirement that rational agents must conform to instrumental principles. Yet he argued that conformity to the CI (a non-instrumental principle) and hence to moral requirements themselves, can nevertheless be shown to be essential to rational agency. This argument was based on his striking doctrine that a rational will must be regarded as autonomous, or free in the sense of being the author of the law that binds it. The fundamental principle of morality - the CI - is none other than the law of an autonomous will. Thus, at the heart of Kant's moral philosophy is a conception of reason whose reach in practical affairs goes well beyond that of a Humean 'slave' to the passions. Moreover, it is the presence of this self-governing reason in each person that Kant thought offered decisive grounds for viewing each as possessed of equal worth and deserving of equal respect.
What is one thing a concept that the romantics valued?
One key concept that the Romantics valued was the emphasis on individual emotion and intuition over reason and rationality. They celebrated the beauty of nature, the power of personal experience, and the importance of imagination in understanding the world. This focus on emotional depth and the subjective experience of life distinguished Romantic literature and art, often highlighting themes of passion, spirituality, and the sublime.
