a. To each problem there was a solution. The first solution was that they moved down closer to the rivers so they could grow more crops. The second solution was that they built the irrigation system. The third solution was that all the villages had to work together to maintain the system and the last solution is that the built mud walls and dug moats around their villages so it would be hard to get attacked.
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they faced three problems. first, the floods were not regular. second the small farming villages had no protection against enemies. Third, the area lacked stone, wood, and metal for tools. The sumerians dug ditches from the river to their fields so they could bring water to their crops. They built walls of mud fro their defence & lastly, traded the extra for stone,wood, and metal from other lands.
It was a difficult environment, food shortages, uncontrolled water supply in the river valley, and difficulties in building and maintaining a complex irrigation system.
Usually those who disagreed with the authorities were thrown to the lions.
Sumer,Babylonia,Assyria,and New babylonia
about 4-10 kilometers
Because inventors focused on finding solutions to practical problems.
They are food shortages in the hills, uncontrolled water supply on the plains,difficulties in building and maintaining irrigation system to serve the needs of several villages at once,attacks by neighboring communities That is the four key problems that Mesopotamia had faced.