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At that time, the Romans used a lunar calendar of about 354 days. As a result, intercalary months have to be inserted every so often to keep the calendar roughly on tract with the seasons (just like the Jewish calendar today).

Since 52BC only 1 intercalary month had been inserted leading to the effect that by 46BC the calendar was off by 67 days. To correct the calendar to get it back to the vernal equinox occurring on (or about) 25 March, 2 intercalary months (of 33 days and 34 days) were inserted between November and December 46BC making the year 445 days long.

Caesar then did the calendar reform which upped the days of the months to get the year to 365 days with a leap year every 4 years (starting 1 Jan 45BC) - the Julian calendar which was then later refined into the Gregorian calendar to correct for the leap years by making centuries leap years only if evenly divisible by 400.

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Q: Why was 46 BC called the year of confusion?
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