The main difference between 12/2 and 12/3 wiring is the number of conductors they have. 12/2 wiring has two conductors (usually black and white) and a ground wire, while 12/3 wiring has three conductors (usually red, black, and white) and a ground wire. The extra conductor in 12/3 wiring allows for an additional circuit or a multi-wire branch circuit. This can impact electrical installations by providing more flexibility in the types of circuits that can be installed and allowing for more complex electrical setups.
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