1. Personal observation - the surrounding area, the environment, witnesses, and the visual impact on sight.
2. Information: Intelligence gathering in data format everything from testimonies to hardcore data either on paper or computer outputs, any reliable data is important.
3. Evidence: Any material, objects, samples left behind a scene that can trace to what had happened, and who had done it. Now we mostly use DNA and science techniques behind organics and biological samples left behind.
4. Association: one of the weaker linking system by database on known criminals and possible suspects. Not the best in probable cause, however, this method has its usefulness in linking some associates to crimes commited. (takes a criminal to know other criminals)
probable cause
The police officer has to have probable cause to believe a particular person commited the crime in question. In court, probable cause is NOT enough to convict you of the same crime.
have probable cause to believe that a crime is being committed.
Lightening was the probable cause of the power shutdown. It is probable that the economic situation will deteriorate. I think lightening is the cause of the bad power .
what is non adversary probable cause determination
No. The fact that it is plain view is the probable cause.
sources of smoke include emissions from vehicles and power stations
the ocean
Difficult and expensive to prove lack of probable cause. Probable cause can be anything from suspicious activity in the vehicle to weaving while driving or failure to signal. I am sure you could find a lawyer who would try but I am also sure the judge would eventually find for probable cause in the end.
Probable cause is typically established when there is enough evidence to suggest that a crime has been committed or is about to be committed. This evidence can come from witness statements, physical evidence, surveillance, or other investigative techniques. Probable cause is required by law before a search or arrest can be conducted.
When they find probable cause, you told a friend you did it and where you hid the evidence, that would be probable cause.
I think "probable cause" is the legal term.