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Well, if your sample does not represent the larger sample, you'll certainly not get a valid result ... For example, if you're studying pregnancy and your sample includes men - The whole idea of "representative' sample is fuzzy and often gives interesting errors.
this is brief, but a census gathers data from the whole group/poulation, wheras a sample investigation on takes a small part of the group/poulation, a sample
With random sampling, you are hoping to get a representative sample of a whole, however statistically you could get a sample that is very different from the whole it was selected from. The larger the sample proportion of the whole, the better your sample will be. For example, a sample of 10 out of 100 is not as good as 20 out of 100. The bigger the sample the closer to the actual whole average you will get.
You have 4 parts and 3 of them taken from that 4 represents 3/4 or 75% of the whole.
It is not a sample. A sample must be a proper subset of the whole population.