An independent variable. This is because you can manipulate the variable so it is said to be independent of the other variables. This is different from the dependent variable which is the variable you are measuring the change in. For example in an experiment to see how the amount of water given to a plant affects it's height, the amount of water is the independent variable, because it is the variable you can change, while the height of the plant is the dependent variable because we want to see how the change in the amount of water affects it.
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In science varible #1 is the things you are testing.
a varible or another number but just replaced wit a letter
Of course.
No, they are not.The constant varible is what stays the same and the dependent varible is whats effected by the change (the independent varibles).
independent variable called also predictor variables,explanatory variables,manipulated variables etc.