Here's a list including words (alphabetically) posted by several WikiUsers: Abscissa, absolute, abstract/abstraction, add/addition/additive, affine, algebra/algebraic, algorithm, analog, analysis/analytic/analytical, angle, approximate/approximation, arc/arcsine/arctangent, area, arithmetic/arithmatic, associative, asymtote/asymtotic, axiom/axiomatic,.... There are, doubtless, many others. And some can even be made up using a simple prefix. Here are some examples: a (adimentional), anti (antideritive/antilog/antipode/...),
hypotenuse
kilometers
integers?
Hypotenuse, hexagon
a zero matrix,zero of a function and a zero slope
Geometry
hypotenuse
vector
linear
Frequency.
Quadratic, quotient.
y-axis
kilometers
integers?
Integer, isosceles triangle, inverse operation...
Hypotenuse, hexagon
Yes. image and imaginary are two.