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How to conduct Mann-Kendall test for trend analysis?
by using this formula where y=data values at times i and j and n=length of the data set and Under the null hypothesis that yi are independent and randomly ordered, the statistic S is approximately normally distributed when n≥8, with zero mean and variance as follows: The standardized test statistic ZS is computed by: Decide on a probability level of significance (95% typically) The trend is said to be decreasing if ZS is negative and the computed probability is greater than the level of significance. The trend is said to be increasing if the ZS is positive and the computed probability is greater than the level of significance. If the computed probability is less than the level of significance, there is no trend. you can use Excel to compute the equations. Tq
Rules for computing positive and negative numbers?
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What does value mean in algebra?
in algebra, a 'value' is what a certain letter stands for. for instance... if z = 6 and the below is a balanced scale... .............................................. z x z Find the value of x = 12 because 2 sixes, (2 zs) equals 12!!!
What is Armstrong inference rules?
Armstrong's Inference RulesSpecify rules for reasoning about dependency functions: Reflexive rule:{Y 1,...,Y n}⊆{X1,...,Xm}implies {X1,...,Xm}→{Y 1,...,Y n} {Name,Sex}→{Name}Augmentation Rule:{X1,...,Xm}→{Y 1,...,Y n}implies {X1,...,Xm,Z}→{Y 1,...,Y n,Z} {Name,Sex}→{Name}implies {Name,Sex,Age}→{Name,Age}Transitive rule:{X1,...,Xm}→{Y 1,...,Y n},{Y 1,...,Y n}→{Z1,...,Zs}imply {X1,...,Xm}→{Z1,...,Zs} {Number}→{Name}{Name}→{Sex}imply{Number}→{Sex}Armstrong inference rules are sound Produce only functional dependencies belonging to the closure complete Produce all the functional dependencies in the closure
