Are there proofs in philosophy

Answer 1

The easy answer is: yes. Lots of famous philosophers (for example, Spinoza, Kant, Aquinas, Descartes) have written "proofs". The question of whether it's possible to "prove" anything philosophically is obviously open and obviously depends on how rigorous a "proof" you want. The term "proof", broadly understood, is usually replaced with "argument" in philosophy. An argument is an attempt to show how a certain conclusion follows from a set of premises. etc. Specifically relevant to this issue are: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_proof http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundationalism