i don't know. i think very complicated.
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The value of iota square is negative one because that is how it is defined. Iota is defined as the square root of negative one, or iota square must be negative one.
3 because absolute value has to be positive never negative
The characteristics of the chi-square distribution are: A. The value of chi-square is never negative. B. The chi-square distribution is positively skewed. C. There is a family of chi-square distributions.
Because an absolute value can never be negative.
Because that is the definition of absolute values