No, although he did devise a way to predict them.
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Prime numbers are not invented.
Eratosthenes lived between 276 and 194 B.C. He didn't discover prime numbers; he devised a simple way to determine what numbers are prime in a given range.
One
A sieve.
One method for finding prime numbers is called the "Sieve of Eratosthenes" because it basically "sifts" through the numbers looking for numbers that are not not prime.