Qualitative analysis means just to detect the presence of a substance in the sample while quantitative analysis is the determination of that substance i.e., in which amount it is present in the sample.
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Quantitative observations are the data collected in an experiment, mostly numbers. Qualitative observations would usually include written answers to analysis questions.
If you mean qualitative and quantitative data, then data would be dealing with numbers to describe a statistical analysis whereas qualitative represents things that cannot be expressed as numbers such as color.
The difference is that qualitative is wade with 1 of your 5 senses and the other one which is quantitative is an observation involving numbers.
Quantitative is like how many of the object there are, and qualitative is its color or texture (physical stuff).
Qualitative refers to what a sample is, while quantitative refers to how much of that materal is present.